The majority of calcium oxalate kidney stones are formed due to “idiopathic hypercalcuria”. So, the kidney stone diet aims to increase urine pH to reduce the risk that calcium and oxalate will bind. Calcium and oxalate are more likely to bind in acidic environments. Urine that is too acidic (or, the pH is too low) increases the risk of calcium oxalate kidney stones. Urine pH also plays a role in kidney stone formation. Therefore, the kidney stone diet aims to reduce calcium and oxalate in the urine as well as increase your urine volume to reduce supersaturation. Your calcium oxalate supersaturation should be included in the results of 24-hour urine tests. The amount of these two molecules in the urine, combined with your urine volume, determines your calcium oxalate urine supersaturation. The more calcium and oxalate in, the higher the risk that these two molecules will bind and form a kidney stone. Ultimately, calcium oxalate kidney stones form from high concentrations of calcium and oxalate in urine. What Makes a Kidney Stone? Supersaturation The other stone types do have some dietary considerations, but a healthy diet is different than the information covered in this article. This article focuses on calcium oxalate kidney stones, as they are by far the most common and usually most diet-related. Kidney stones can also be formed from uric acid, struvite and cystine. Calcium phosphate stones are the second most common, comprising around 10% of kidney stones. Around 80% of kidney stones are made of calcium & oxalate. However, most of the increase in kidney stone prevalence can be attributed to higher numbers of women forming kidney stones.( 2)Ĭalcium oxalate is by far the most common type of kidney stone. Kidney stones are more common in men (10.9% compared to 9.4% in women). However, there are likely many more people who have had kidney stones without symptoms. About 1 in 10 people in the United States will have a symptomatic kidney stone at some point in life. Kidney stones are surprisingly common, and have become more common in recent years.( 2) The prevalence of kidney stones has more than tripled in the past 40 years.
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